TOURISMOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION OF SPORTING EVENTS

Željko Bjeljac; Nevena Ćurčić; Anna Ivolga

doi:10.2298/IJGI1701053B

Authors

Željko Bjeljac Geographical Institute ''Jovan Cvijic'' SASA, Belgrade
Nevena Ćurčić University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Geography, Tourism and Hotel Management, Novi Sad
Anna Ivolga Stavropol State Agrarian University, Faculty of Social and Cultural Service and Tourism, Stavropol

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.2298/IJGI1701053B

Keywords:

tourism, sports, events, categorization, Serbia

Abstract

Sporting events are programs, which are dominated by creative and complex facilities, primarily sports, but also recreation and entertainment. As such, they achieve tourism effects and goals and have a socio-economic importance for the city, region or state. Depending on the size and importance of sports event, sport has a different role in the context of promoting tourist destination, as well as different values. Each sport discipline has its own criteria by which athletes are ranked individually or as team. The subject of the research is to determine the criteria for the categorization of sporting events, in order to determine the importance of sporting events as an element of the tourist offer (individually or as part of a tourist destination). Also, this paper’s results present a comparative analysis of similar methodologies for the categorization of sporting events. Based on the research presented in the paper, there are four groups of criteria: economic, media, social and environmental. Together with this, paper gives the classification of traditional sporting events in the case of Serbia, dividing them in four groups.

Article metrics

References

Avramovski, М. (1996). Marketing na golemi manifestacii. Ohrid: Institute for Researching of Tourism, Faculty of Tourism and Hospitality.

Bjeljac, Ž. (2006). Turističke manifestaciје u nedovoljno razvijenim prostorima Srbiје. Glasnik Srpskog Gеоgrаfskоg Društva, 86(1), 245–256.

Bjeljac, Ž. (2010). Turističke manifestacije u Srbiji. Belgrade: Geographical Institute “Jovan Cvijić” SASA. Retrieved from http://www.gi.sanu.ac.rs/site/media/gi/pdf/en/special_edition/gijc_pi_082

Bjeljac, Ž., & Ćurčić, N. (2010). Turizmološka valorizacija etnografskih manifestacija u Srbiji. Etnoantropološki problemi 5(3), 227–242.

Bjeljac, Ž., & Radovanović М (2003). Sports Events as a Form of Tourist Product, Relating to the Volume and Character of Demand. Journal of Sport tourism, 8(4), 260–269. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1477508032000161555

Bjeljac, Ž., Štrbac, D., & Ćurčić, N. (2006). Tourism in trans border area of Serbia towards Bosnia and Herzegovina (Turizam u pоgraničnom prostoru Srbiје prema Bоsni i Hеrcеgоvini). Collection of Papers — Faculty of Geography at the University of Belgrade, 54, 163–182. Retrieved from http://zbornik.gef.bg.ac.rs/pdf/radovi/158.pdf

Bjeljac, Ž., Štetić, S., Lаzоr, М., Оstојić, М., Cvеtkоvić, М., & Lukоvić, P. (2013) Regulation on the classification and categorization of events in Serbia. Belgrade: Тurizam i Маnifеstаciје — ТIМ Srbije.

Cater, E. (1993). Ecotourism in the third world: Problems for sustainable tourism development. Tourism Management, 14(2), 85–90. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/0261-5177(93)90040-R

Collins, A., Jones, C., & Munday, M. (2009). Assessing the environmental impacts of mega sporting events: Two options?. Tourism Management, 30(6), 828–837. doi: http://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2008.12.006

Daniels, M., & Norman, W. (2003). Estimating the economic impacts of seven regular sport tourism events. Journal of Sport Tourism, 8(4), 214–222. doi: http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1080/1477508032000161528

Fredline, E. (2005). Host and guest relations and sport tourism. Sport in Society, 8(2), 263–279. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17430430500087328

Getz, D (2008). Event tourism: Definition, evolution, and research. Тourism Management 29(3), 403–428. doi: http://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2007.07.017

Gibson, J. H., Kaplanidou, K., & Kang, S. J. (2012). Small-scale event sport tourism: A case study in sustainable tourism. Sport management review, 15(2), 160–170. doi: http://doi.org/10.1016/j.smr.2011.08.013

Gratton, C., Dobson, N., & Shibli, S. (2000). The economic importance of major sports events: A case study of six events. Managing Leisure, 5(1), 17–28. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/136067100375713

Hall, C., & Hodges, J. (1996). The party’s great, but what about the hangover? The housing and social impacts of mega-events with special reference to the 2000 Sydney Olympics. Festival Management and Event Tourism, 4(1–2), 13–20. doi: https://doi.org/10.3727/106527096792232414

Higham, J. (1999). Commentary—Sport as an avenue of tourism development: An analysis of the positive and negative impacts of sport tourism. Current Issues in Tourism, 2(1), 82–90. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13683509908667845

Horne, W. (2000). Municipal economic development via hallmark events. Journal of Tourism Studies, 11(1), 30–36. Retrieved from https://www.jcu.edu.au/data/assets/pdf_file/0016/123064/jcudev_012720.pdf

Kaplanidou, K., & Vogt C, (2006). A structural analysis of destination travel intentions as a function of web site features. Journal of Travel Research, 45(2), 204–216. doi: http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1177/0047287506291599

Lee, C., & Taylor, T. (2006). Critical reflections on the economic impact assessment of a mega-event: The case of 2002 FIFA World Cup. Tourism Management, 26(4), 595–603. doi: http://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2004.03.002

Liu, Z. (2003). Sustainable tourism development: A critique. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 11(6), 459–475. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09669580308667216

Nogawa, H., Yamaguchi, Y., & Hagi, Y. (1996). An empirical research on Japanese sport tourism in sport-for-all-events: case studies of a single-night event and multiple-night event. Journal of Travel Research, 35(2), 46–54. doi: http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1177/004728759603500208

O’Brien, D., & Chalip, L. (2008). Sport events and strategic leveraging: Pushing towards the triple bottom line. In A. Woodside & D. Martin (Eds.), Tourism management: Analysis, behavior and strategy (pp. 318–338). Wallingford: CAB International. doi: http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1079/9781845933234.0318

Rydin, Y., Seymour, R., & Lorimer, S. (2011). Sustainability in the Sports Sector. London, UK: UCL Environment Institute. Retrieved from http://basis.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/Sports-Sector-Report.pdf

Schumacher, D. (2003). Preface. In S. Hudson (Ed.), Sport and Adventure Tourism (pp. xvii-xxi). Binghamton, NY: The Haworth Hospitality Press. Retrieved from https://books.google.rs/books?hl=en&lr=&id=1vVtyaA77YsC&oi=fnd&pg=PR3&dq=Zauhar,+J.+%282003%29.+Historical+perspectives+of+sport+tourism.+&ots=7LuO3U0Ceo&sig=tde7rE9vmcti5yJPpE8kMD5jD80&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false

Smith, A. (2009). Theorising the relationship between major sports events and social sustainability. Journal of Sport Tourism, 14(2–3), 109–120. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14775080902965033

Skorić, M. (2014, July 9). Sponzorstvo u sportu. Savremeni sport. Retrieved from http://savremenisport.com/teorija-sporta/sportski-marketing/9/255/sponzorstvo-u-sportu

Terzić, A., Bjeljac, Ž., & Jovanović, R. (2014). Protection, revitalization and use of heritage through cultural route formation system: Evaluation of the Roman Emperor's Path master plan. Kultura, 143, 319–335. doi: http://dx.doi.org/ 10.5937/kultura1443319T

Terzić, A., Bjeljac, Ž., Jovičić, A., & Penjišević I. (2014). Cultural Route and Ecomuseum Concepts as a Synergy of Nature, Heritage and Community Oriented Sustainable Development Ecomuseum “Ibar Valley” in Serbia. European Journal of Sustainable Development, 3(2), 1–16. doi: http://dx.doi.org/ 10.14207/ejsd.2014.v3n2p1

The Global Sports Impact Report (2015). A review of 2014., Summary (2015). Retrieved from http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/the-global-sports-impact-report-2015-a-review-of-2014-300159083.html

Turco, D. M. (1998). Traveling and turnovers measuring the economic impacts of a street basketball tournament. Journal of Sport Tourism, 5(1), 227–241. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10295399808718646

Veltri, Miller, & Harris, (2009). Club sport national tournament: Economic impact of a small event on a mid-size community. Recreational Sports Journal, 33(2), 119–128.

Walo, M., Bull, A., & Breen, H. (1996). Achieving economic benefits at local events: A case study of a local sports event. Festival Management and Event Tourism, 4(3–4), 95–106. doi: https://doi.org/10.3727/106527096792195353

Wilson, R. (2006). The economic impact of local sport events: Significant, limited or otherwise? A case study of four swimming events. Managing Leisure, 11(1), 57–70. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13606710500445718

Zauhar, J. (2003). Historical perspectives of sport tourism. In S. Hudson (Ed.), Sport and Adventure Tourism (pp. 27–48). Binghamton: The Haworth Hospitality Press. Retrieved from https://books.google.rs/books?hl=en&lr=&id=1vVtyaA77YsC&oi=fnd&pg=PR3&dq=Zauhar,+J.+%282003%29.+Historical+perspectives+of+sport+tourism.+&ots=7LuO3U0Ceo&sig=tde7rE9vmcti5yJPpE8kMD5jD80&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false

Ziakas, V. (2010). Understanding an event portfolio: The uncovering of interrelationships, synergies, and leveraging opportunities. Journal of Policy Research in Tourism, Leisure and Events, 2(2), 144–164. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19407963.2010.482274

http://www.manifestacije.com/index.php (accessed on June 17, 2016)

http://www.osb.org.rs/dokumenti.html (accessed on May 15, 2016)

http://www.sportcal.com/Impact/GSIProject (accessed on June 19, 2016)

http://www.wrestling-serbia.org.rs/pravilnici/kategorizacija_sp_grana (accessed on May 15, 2016)