Journal of the Geographical Institute “Jovan Cvijić” SASA

HOW TO IMPROVE INHABITANTS' ACCEPTANCE OF RAINWATER HARVESTING SYSTEMS? APPLICATION TO AN EXISTING COLLECTIVE RESIDENCE IN NORTHERN ALGERIA

Adlane M'hammedi Bouzina — 2024-04-19

In Algeria, at the present time, there are no rainwater harvesting systems (RWHS) registered with the public authorities as an alternative to the public water supply. This is explained by numerous factors, the most important being inhabitants’ acceptance. The aim of this article is to investigate the current level of acceptance of an RWHS as a viable method for backing up the public water supply system. Our hypothesis is that inhabitants’ acceptance can be improved by the increasing awareness of the benefits of an RWHS. For the purposes of this study, an RWHS located in northern Algeria was designed, and its benefits were measured and discussed with the direct participation of residents living in the building. The first benefit was the potential potable water saving (PPWS) and the second was the benefit-cost ratio (BCR). The PPWS was estimated at 51 m³/year. The BCR was estimated at 7% (15% with local council funding). This paper shows that, in the case of an existing building, inhabitant acceptance of an RWHS depends on three factors: (1) the amount of rainwater delivered by the RWHS; (2) the cost of building and managing it; and (3) the extent of the modifications made to the building.

THE COMPARISON BETWEEN DIFFERENT TYPES OF CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS FOR BIOCHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND REMOVAL EFFICIENCY

Nikola Stanković — 2024-04-19

This research shows efficiency of constructed wetlands (CWs) to purify waste water in the case of Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD). CWs such as surface flow (SF), subsurface flow (SSF), and hybrid (HYB) systems have been compared to provide an analysis about which system has better performance for BOD removal efficiency. Data were collected from different scientific articles and from all over the world. Meta-analysis technique was employed to aggregate data from scientific sources, facilitating hypothesis testing, and comparisons between different types of CWs. All the systems of CWs show satisfactory removal efficiency. HYB systems are shown to be the most efficient. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) has been applied to analyze differences between respective CWs using R software. It shows that there is a statistically significant difference between different types of CWs. Post-hoc Tukey’s Honestly Significant Different (HSD) analysis demonstrates a statistically significant difference between SF and HYB systems in the case of BOD removal efficiency. Also, Post-hoc Tukey’s HSD shows statistically significant difference between SSF and SF CWs. On the other hand, Post-hoc Tukey’s HSD does not show statistically significant difference between HYB and SSF CWs. The significant reduction rates for BOD removal efficiency, demonstrates that CWs can be used to diminish this kind of pollution.

DEVELOPMENT OF GEOSPATIAL PASSABILITY MAPS: A MULTI-CRITERIA ANALYSIS APPROACH

Ivan Potić — 2024-04-19

This research presents a comprehensive analysis of the production of terrain passability maps in southeastern Serbia, employing a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) analysis. The study integrates various geographical and infrastructural aspects, assigning coefficients to each input parameter, including rivers, roads, rails, CORINE Land Cover (CLC), soil, slope, and the Topographic Ruggedness Index (TRI). The introduction of the TRI marks an innovative advancement in terrain analysis and passability. By comparing wet and dry periods, the study provides critical insights into the dynamic nature of terrain passability, with implications for transportation planning and emergency response. The research's innovative approach and detailed examination set it apart, offering valuable contributions to scholarly comprehension and practical applications. The findings underscore the potential for interdisciplinary collaboration and the broad impact of geographic information systems (GIS) and terrain analysis in addressing real-world challenges. Future research may explore additional factors influencing terrain passability and expand the geographical scope of the study.

A COMPLIANCE ASSESSMENT OF GNSS STATION NETWORKS IN SERBIA

Oleg Odalović — 2024-04-19

Since the early 21st century, Global Positioning System (GPS) technology has dominated geodetic reference networks. Almost all countries established a permanent Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) station network to augment all available GNSS systems. By the end of 2005, Serbia completed the Active Geodetic Reference Network as a particular project of Serbia's Republic Geodetic Authority (RGA). Besides RGA, two private companies, Vekom and Geotaur, have established permanent station networks. This paper assesses the compliance of all the three networks, and network results are evaluated against the spatial distance determined by classical geodetic methods. When all available GNSS constellations are utilized, NAVSTAR, GLONASS, BEIDOU, and GALILEO, in the processing procedure, the established networks in Serbia align within a margin of about 3 mm across all coordinate axes. The results obtained within the research indicate that by using GNSS networks, it is possible to provide the coordinates of the points for the establishment of the national spatial reference system of Serbia, the reference system in almost all engineering fields, reference systems for the maintenance works of the real estate cadastre, and it is also possible to provide coordinates of points that can be used to define local, national, and world reference heights surfaces.

EXPLAINING GEOGRAPHIC, SOCIAL, AND ECONOMIC DIFFERENCES AS DRIVERS OF INTERNAL MIGRATIONS IN VIET NAM: EMPIRICAL FINDINGS FROM PUSH AND PULL FORCES ANALYSIS

Huynh Truong Huy — 2024-04-19

Viet Nam has deeply experienced internal migration during its development history, typically movements from rural to urban and across regions since the launch of economic reform policy in 1986. This article adopts the cost-minimization approach to calculate the push and pull forces of the internal migrations across geographic distances of provinces and then explains those forces along with socio-economic factors within 63 provinces and cities in Viet Nam based on the census data during the period 2010–2019. The empirical findings from the solution to cost-migration equations between the number of migrants and the inverse distance across 63 provinces reported that the push and pull forces are quite heteroskedastic, mostly due to differences in geographic, social, and economic development. Not surprisingly, the Mekong River Delta (MRD) is still the most repulsive region for migrants, accounting for 30% of the total number migrants of the country and notable 98% of migrants who moved to the Southeastern (SE) region as the most attractive destination. It is obviously proven that the push and pull forces of migrations in a province correlate strongly and significantly with economic factors including relative incomes and poverty rate rather than human factors such as urbanization, population, and labor forces. Finally, discussions about policy implications of equitable investments across regions in Viet Nam are really necessary and could be a potential for creating job opportunities and improving standards of livelihoods.

ILLUMINATING DARKNESS THROUGH VACATIONS

Jasna Micić — 2024-04-19

Dark tourism is fascinating because it unifies cultural heritage, history, and travels with death. Travels usually refer to hedonism and relaxation, but this niche tourism brought to the stage new dimensions: death and morbidity. Knowing that death is one of the greatest human fears, the authors investigated the domestic tourists’ perceptions of dark tourism and its development in Serbia. The research was conducted using an online survey. The questionnaire included three units: 1) sociodemographic characteristics, 2) familiarity and understanding of the dark tourism phenomenon, and 3) motivation for engaging in dark tourism. The results revealed that domestic tourists support dark tourism development, mainly due to its educational role. Tourists marked the acquisition of new knowledge, curiosity, and compassion as the primary motivators. Therefore, the older male population particularly expressed a dominant positive attitude toward the development of dark tourism. Once again, the important role of the local community in tourism development is confirmed, especially in “sensitive” forms of alternative tourism. Finally, the research contributes significantly to the theoretical framework and provides valuable guidelines for the planning and further development of dark tourism in Serbia.

THE INFLUENCE OF MOTIVATORS ON RESPONSIBLE CONSUMPTION IN TOURISM

Viera Kubičková — 2024-04-19

Responsible consumption in tourism is a crucial prerequisite for its sustainable development. Tourists' Attitudes are an essential topic in the issue of waste generation and management in both academic and practical environments. The article examines the attitudes of Slovak tourism consumers towards sustainable consumption and waste generation. The study objective is to evaluate the effectiveness of motivators for responsible consumption in tourism in the Slovak Republic. Four motivators and two attitudes that determine responsible consumption in tourism were determined. The results are based on data from primary research conducted on a sample of 284 respondents. We used the method of questioning respondents in the form of a questionnaire. The intensity of perception of individual motivators was monitored through a 5-point Likert scale. The study defines one research question and four hypotheses. We used Spearman's correlation coefficient and logistic regression to verify the relationship between selected motivators and consumer attitudes. The results confirm that the motivators "family" and "media", providing information about waste and its effects on tourism destinations, are strong motivators for responsible consumption in tourism. "Education" and "influencer" are fewer effective motivators. Based on this, the contribution presents possible measures to strengthen the education of consumers in the tourism industry on responsible consumption in waste generation.

ANALYZING ACCESSIBILITY TO URBAN SERVICES FOR NEW RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS. A CASE STUDY OF CRAIOVA CITY

Cristiana Vîlcea — 2024-04-19

The present study uses methods based on Geographic Information System (GIS) to investigate the distribution of new residential buildings in Craiova (Romania) and assess their accessibility to key urban services. The focus is on collective housing developments constructed after 2015, encompassing both completed and ongoing projects. The research evaluates accessibility at the neighborhood level, considering key facilities and services such as banking services, pharmacies, kindergartens, primary schools, supermarkets, sport facilities, and green urban areas. Data for urban services were collected from open-source databases (OpenStreetMap, Copernicus Land Monitoring—Urban Atlas) and completed by field investigations. Isochrones, representing travel time from each residential building to the selected services, are used to measure the residents' accessibility by multiple travel modes. Additionally, the study considers the proximity of new residential buildings to the old historical city center, as a hub for shopping and leisure activities, and the walkability of the neighborhoods where the collective residences are located. The findings shed light on the spatial distribution of new residential developments in relation to essential urban services, providing valuable insights for urban planning and development strategies in Craiova, as well as for future residential investments.

ASSESSING URBAN GROWTH IN GREATER SURABAYA USING GOOGLE EARTH ENGINE: AN EVALUATION OF BUILT-UP AREA EXPANSION IN INDONESIAN SECONDARY CITIES

Nugroho Purwono — 2024-04-19

Urbanization in Indonesia's cities is increasing, leading to various impacts, including negative consequences due to insufficient investment in local public infrastructure. Urbanization assessment primarily relies on examining changes in built-up areas over the past decade. These changes serve as an indicator that can be effectively derived from remote sensing data. In our study, we applied remote sensing data from the Google Earth Engine (GEE) catalog to delve into the urbanization dynamics within Greater Surabaya area, Indonesia. We employed satellite imagery from Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) and Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager and Thermal Infrared Sensor (OLI TIRS) for 2012 and 2022. We used Support Vector Machine (SVM) classification techniques to construct precise urban expansion models. Our analysis revealed distinct urban expansion trends in Mojokerto and Sidoarjo, which contrast with the relatively stable urban development trends in northern Surabaya due to the construction of toll roads. The findings provide valuable inputs for urban management, necessitating targeted interventions and strategies to address the urbanization disparities between these two areas. It underscores the critical importance of resource allocation, infrastructure development, and urban planning initiatives, with a specific focus on Gresik, to ensure sustainable urban growth and mitigate potential challenges associated with rapid expansion.

BREAKING THE BUBBLE—ADDRESSING MANAGERS’ CULTURAL BIASES IN DESIGNING TOURIST EXPERIENCES

Aleksandra S. Dragin — 2024-04-19

Although cross-cultural interactions and cultural bubbles have been researched extensively in tourism, these issues have often been viewed one-sidedly. More precisely, in contemporary literature, cultural bubbles are mostly considered one-sided biases that prevent tourists from fully enjoying the culture of their hosts. Besides that, it is important to bear in mind that a tourist offer itself is also formed from the perspectives of tourism experience designers and tourism managers. Therefore, it is important to consider how the perception of a tourist offer is distorted by looking from inside the bubble of tourist culture. This paper highlights managers’ cultural biases in designing tourist experiences, which have often been overlooked in cross-cultural tourism studies. It is crucial to have this discussion now so that the global tourist industry can continue to provide local experiences, as tourism managers and employees in the sector are increasingly interacting with people from diverse cultural contexts. This might be beneficial for the cultural expression of destinations, on the one hand, as well as for providing more valuable experiences for tourists, on the other.