ASSESSMENT ON THE IMPACT OF THE TRIPURA EARTHQUAKE (JANUARY 3, 2017, MW = 5.6) IN NORTHEAST INDIA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.2298/IJGI2101001DKeywords:
earthquake, impact assessment , liquefaction, awareness, Tripura (Northeast India)Abstract
The northeastern part of the Indian subcontinent, considered as the most active seismic zone of the Indian subcontinent, was hit by an earthquake of Mw 5.6 on January 3, 2017. The epicenter of this earthquake was Kanchanbari located in the Dhalai district of Tripura. The present study aims to assess the environmental and socio-economic impact of this earthquake in the vicinity of the epicenter. To assess and determine the level of damage, the affected areas were visited during the first week of the 2017 earthquake. Various Government offices were also consulted to acquire data on damages caused by the earthquake. Moreover, Remote Sensing and Geographical Information System (RS & GIS) techniques were applied to address the influence of this earthquake on bank erosion. During the field visit, the striking features of soil liquefaction generated by the earthquake were observed in the flood plain area of the Manu River. Landslide, with three casualties in India and the neighbor Bangladesh, and damages of infrastructure were also reported. Additionally, an assessment of the bank erosion study revealed that the rate of the post-earthquake bank erosion increased to 592%, compared to the pre-earthquake bank erosion within the study length of the Manu River. The findings highlighted that the impact of this earthquake is minimal. However, the seismotectonic features and observation of the liquefaction within the risk zone of the earthquake indicate a possible significant threat for the future.
Article metrics
References
Alam, M., Alam, M. M., Curray, J. R., Chowdhury, M. L. R., & Gani, M. R. (2003). An overview of the sedimentary geology of the Bengal Basin in Relation to the regional tectonic framework and basin-fill history. Sedimentary Geology, 155(3–4), 179–208. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0037-0738(02)00180-X
Alexander, D. E. (1995). Panic during Earthquakes and Its Urban and Cultural Contexts. Built Environment (1978-), 21(2–3), 171–182. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/23289014
Anbazhagan, P., Mog, K., Rao K. S. N., Prabhu, N. S., Agarwal, A., Reddy, G. R., . . . Das, S. K. (2019). Reconnaissance report on geotechnical effects and structural damage caused by the 3 January 2017 Tripura earthquake, India. Natural Hazards, 98(2), 425–450. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-019-03699-w
Ara, S. (2014). Impact of Temporal Population Distribution on Earthquake Loss Estimation: A Case Study on Sylhet, Bangladesh. International Journal of Disaster Risk Science, 5(4), 296–312. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13753-014-0033-2
Bureau of Indian Standards. (1986). Indian Standard: Criteria for Earthquake Resistant Design of Structures (Fourth Revision). Retrieved from https://law.resource.org/pub/in/bis/S03/is.1893.1984.pdf
Bureau of Indian Standards. (2002). Indian Standard: Criteria for Earthquake Resistant Design of Structures: Part 1. General Provisions and Buildings (Fifth Revision). Retrieved from https://law.resource.org/pub/in/bis/S03/is.1893.1.2002.pdf
Chamoli, B. P., Kumar, A., Chen, D.-Y., Gairola, A., Jakka, R. S., Pandey, B., Kumar P., & Rathore, G. (2019). A Prototype Earthquake Early Warning System for Northern India. Journal of Earthquake Engineering. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1080/13632469.2019.1625828
Debbarma, J., Martin, S. S., Suresh, G., Ahsan, A., & Gahalaut, V. K. (2017). Preliminary observations from the 3 January 2017, MW 5.6 Manu, Tripura (India) earthquake. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 148, 173–180. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jseaes.2017.08.030
Debnath, J., Das (Pan), N., Ahmed, I., & Bhowmik, M. (2017). Channel migration and its impact on land use/land cover using RS and GIS: A study on Khowai River of Tripura, North-East India. Egyptian Journal of Remote Sensing and Space Sciences, 20(2), 197–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrs.2017.01.009
Debnath, J., Das (Pan), N., Sharma, R., & Ahmed, I. (2019). Impact of confluence on hydrological and morphological characters of the trunk stream: a study on the Manu River of North-east India. Environmental Earth Sciences, 78(6), 190. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-019-8190-7
Dewey, J. F., & Bird, J. M. (1970). Mountain belts and the new global tectonics. Journal of Geophysical Research, 75(14), 2625–2647. https://doi.org/10.1029/JB075i014p02625
Dey, S., Paul, S., & Sarkar, P. (2014). Morphological and microstructural evidences of paleo-seismic occurrences in an earthquake prone zone of Tripura, India. Journal of Earth Science, 25(2), 289–298. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12583-014-0430-x
Gahalaut, V. K. (2010). Earthquakes in India: Hazards, Genesis and Mitigation Measures. In M. K. Jha (Ed.), Natural and Anthropogenic Disasters (pp. 17–43). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-2498-5_2
Gahalaut, V. K., & Kundu, B. (2016). The 4 January 2016 Manipur earthquake in the Indo-Burmese wedge, an intra-slab event. Geomatics, Natural Hazards and Risk, 7(5), 1506–1512. https://doi.org/10.1080/19475705.2016.1179686
Geological Survey of India. (1974). Miscellaneous Publication No. 30. Geology and Mineral Resources of the States of India. Part IV-Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland and Tripura. Retrieved from https://www.gsi.gov.in/webcenter/portal/OCBIS/pagePublications/pageViewGSIPublication
Geological Survey of India. (2017). A note on earthquake of magnitude 5.5 ML of 3rd January, 2017 in Tripura Mizoram border area, India. Retrieved from https://employee.gsi.gov.in/cs/groups/public/documents/document/b3zp/mte3/~edisp/dcport1gsigovi117245.pdf
Hurukawa, N., Tun, P. P., & Shibazaki, B. (2012). Detailed geometry of the subducting Indian Plate beneath the Burma Plate and subcrustal seismicity in the Burma Plate derived from joint hypocenter relocation. Earth Planet and Space, 64(4), 333–343. https://doi.org/10.5047/eps.2011.10.011
Kotoky, P., Bezbaruah, D., Baruah, J., & Sarma, J. N. (2005). Nature of bank erosion along the Brahmaputra river channel, Assam, India. Current Science, 88(4), 634–639. Retrieved from https://www.jstor.org/stable/24110266
Kumar, A. (2018). Review of building regulations for safety against hazards in Indian hill towns. Journal of Urban Management, 7(2), 97–110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jum.2018.06.002
Kundu, B., & Gahalaut, V. K. (2012). Earthquake occurrence process in the Indo-Burmese wedge and Sagaing fault region. Tectonophysics, 524–525, 135–146. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2011.12.031
Le Dain, A. Y., Tapponnier, P., & Molnar, P. (1984). Active faulting and tectonics of Burma and surrounding regions. Journal of Geophysical Research, 89(B1), 453–472. https://doi.org/10.1029/JB089iB01p00453
National Disaster Management Authority. (2007). National Disaster Management Guidelines: Management of earthquakes. Retrieved from https://ndma.gov.in/sites/default/files/PDF/Earthquake/earthquakes.pdf
Parliament of India. (2005, December 23). Disaster Management Act, No. 53 of 2005. Retrieved from https://cdn.s3waas.gov.in/s365658fde58ab3c2b6e5132a39fae7cb9/uploads/2018/04/2018041720.pdf
Ravi Kumar, C., Kesiezie, N., Pathak, B., Maiti, S., & Tiwari, R. K. (2020). Mapping of basement structure beneath the Kohima Synclinorium, north-east India via Bouguer gravity data modelling. Journal of Earth System Science, 129(1), 56. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12040-019-1326-z
Satyabala, S. P. (2003). Oblique Plate Convergence in the Indo-Burma (Myanmar) Subduction Region. Pure and Applied Geophysics, 160(9), 1611–1650. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00024-003-2378-0
Sitharam, T. G., & Sil, A. (2014). Comprehensive seismic hazard assessment of Tripura and Mizoram states. Journal of Earth System Science, 123(4), 837–857. Retrieved from https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12040-014-0438-8.pdf
Steckler, M. S., Akhter, S. H., & Seeber, L. (2008). Collision of Ganges-Brahmaputra Delta with the Burma Arc: Implication for earthquake hazard. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 273(3–4), 367–378. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2008.07.009
Tanyaş, H., van Westen, C. J., Persello, C. & Alvioli, M. (2019). Rapid prediction of the magnitude scale of landslide events triggered by an earthquake. Landslides, 16(4), 661–676. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-019-01136-4
Thorne, C. R., & Osman, A. M. (1988). The influence of bank stability on regime geometry of natural channels. In W. R. White (Ed.), River regime (pp. 135–147). Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons.
Tiwari, R. P. (2002). Status of Seismicity in the Northeast India and Earthquake Disaster Mitigation. ENVIS Bulletin Himalayan Ecology, 10(1), 15–25. Retrieved from http://gbpihedenvis.nic.in/ENVIS%20Bullitin/Vol.%2010/vol10_1.pdf
Tremor panic kills 2 in Sunamganj. (2017, January 3). Dhaka Tribune. https://www.dhakatribune.com/uncategorized/2017/01/03/5-5-magnitude-tremor-shakes-dhaka
Tripura Disaster Management Authority. (2017). Damage details of Earthquake. Retrieved from https://tdma.tripura.gov.in/sites/default/files/earthquake-report%20of-09-01-2017.pdf
United Nations Development Programme. (2015). Reducing Disaster Risk: A Challenge for Development. Retrieved from https://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/librarypage/crisis-prevention-and-recovery/reducing-disaster-risk--a-challenge-for-development.html
United States Geological Survey, Earth Resources Observation and Science Center. (2014). Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) 1 Arc-Second Global data [Data set]. https://doi.org/10.5066/F7PR7TFT
United States Geological Survey. (2013-present). Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS Collection 2 level-2 [Data set]. Retrieved from https://earthexplorer.usgs.gov/
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2021 Journal of the Geographical Institute “Jovan Cvijić” SASA
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
